NAD+

NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a fundamental cellular coenzyme involved in redox reactions and energy metabolism in all living systems. It functions as an essential electron carrier by interconverting between oxidized (NAD⁺) and reduced (NADH) forms, supporting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic energy transfer in experimental models. In addition to its metabolic role, NAD⁺ serves as a required substrate for sirtuins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), enzymes associated with DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, and cellular stress signaling. Preclinical research utilizes NAD⁺ to study mitochondrial function, metabolic regulation, neurobiological processes, and molecular pathways related to cellular aging and resilience.

For research use only. Not for human consumption